The Medieval period started at the fifth century and end...

The Medieval period started at the fifth century and end around the fourteenth century. Many historical events took place during this era such as the collapse of the roman empire, deaths of millions from the bubonic plague, a shift in paradigm for european’s world view, trade routes through europe, and the Norman’s conquest. The Roman church became very powerful and dictated peoples live through religion. During this time period, Kings and Queens while working alongside Christianity, gave society the worldview of feudalism. Due to feudalism and fear of sinning against the church, human civilization had hit a roadblock and made no new discoveries in scientific advancements and technology. Humanism broke most of the chains from the medieval†¦show more content†¦Men began to go to college to become lawyers, doctors, and fan out into other great and intellectual fields. Artists and writers began to have other worldly themes then past artists who were mostly all re ligious base. Individualism began to also emerge and gave the human civilization an another world view. People began to improve themselves and strive for more than what they were born with or into. Feudalism began to become a thing of the past. Society believed that education was need to give a individual creativity and well-roundedness. Their education was based primarily on the study of language, grammar, history, music, astronomy, literature, and mathematics. The renaissance didn’t really began to make a strong foundation for itself until the Henry VIII became king. Due to the increasing acceptance to the renaissance era, humanism, and the noticeability of the corruption of the church. The church decided to enter a phase of reformation. In the past, people came to the church to challenge its role in society but each and every challenge was turned down. Until Martin Luther nailed a paper to the church door called the ninety five theses. The ninety five theses was composed of the many different things and ideas that were wrong with church such as the corruption within its walls. Royalty defiance was also another one of the many pushers for the reformation. Many oaths were suggested between the church and royalty regarding who would have what final say inShow MoreRelatedHuman Primates, Humans, And Humans1679 Words   |  7 PagesHumans evolve from apelike ancestors approximately five million years ago. Most closely related to us are our non-human primates such as African great apes, chimpanzees and gorillas. Scientific studies reveal that more si milar traits are being share by human and our non-human primates compared to other animals. As human evolve from our apelike ancestors, changes in our DNA differentiate ourselves from our non-human primate. Even though we evolve from our non-human ancestors and share similar anatomicalRead MoreHuman Nature : Humans And Humans1801 Words   |  8 PagesOn the Subject of Being Human Anything on this earth that falls under the scientific classification of homo sapiens is a human being. From the time of introduction to this earth to present day, we as a species have advanced socially, physically, cognitively, and technologically. With the introduction of religion and philosophical movements we’ve pondered our existence as human beings and emphasized our superiority over other beings, and other human beings. Humans distinguish themselves from otherRead MoreThe Human Of Human Cloning1100 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Cloning 1. INTRODUCTION Human  cloning  is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. However, this term not only refers to the entire artificial human, but also the reproduction of human cells and tissues. 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However, this term not only refers to the entire artificial human, but also the reproduction of human cells and tissues. There are two types of theoretical human cloning: reproductive cloning which would involve making an entire cloned human and the other, therapeutic cloning, which would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants by somatic-cell nuclear transfer or pluripotent stemRead MorePrimates, Humans, And Humans1956 Words   |  8 PagesPrimates, unlike humans are found only in tropical or subtropical regions of the Americas, African, and Asian continent. Primates come in different sizes and shapes. They range from Lemurs as small as, Madame Berthes Mouse Lemur to the largest primate living known as the Eastern Gorilla. Primates, similar to humans are species that play an important role in maintaining and influencing our ecological system. They maintain the forest syste m between animals and its resources by taking on various rolesRead MoreHuman Primates And Human Primate1661 Words   |  7 Pagesgoing over and portraying the behavior of non-human primate and human primate in the literature and movies we went over, compared to the evolutionary understandings of primate behavior. Throughout this class we studied and compared the different primates, including human and non-humans. According to the Wikipedia, â€Å"The primate lineage is thought to go back at least 65 million years ago.† with that one could say that research on non-human and human primate can somehow explain the theory behind evolutionRead MoreHuman Neutering And Its Effects On Humans1224 Words   |  5 Pagestwenty-five. All humans being unable to reproduce at a certain age could save the Earth. The Earth is in a very fragile state; Earth is losing its ability to be a habitat for the human race due to the volume of people living on its surface. There could be a way to slow down this process though, through human neutering. Human neutering would decrease overpopulation, allow the earth to reproduce its natural resources, and stop deforestation from rapidly occurring. A form of human neutering does existRead MoreBiological Traits Of Humans And Humans Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesseparates us in greater or lesser degree of species that are genetically closer to us as humans. However, science through observations, experiments and studies has shown that humans and primates share many similarities; both from the physical point of view and from an emotional perspective. Many biological traits, as well as emotions and some communicative behaviors are common and particularly relevant between humans and great apes, which, of all the members of the animal Kingdom, are our closest relativesRead MoreHuman And Non Human Primates847 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinguish humans from others (Zuberbà ¼hler, 2014). Human communication has formally derived from past primate communication systems (Ghazanfar Eliades, 2014). Humans express themselves in verbal, gestural, and written forms (Zuberbà ¼hler, 2014). Human and non-human primates have totally diverse form s of communication systems (Ghazanfar Eliades, 2014). Speech has evolved from non-human primates to its current compound state that humans utilize present day (Zuberbà ¼hler, 2014) Non-human primates

Drama Essay Trifles - 2158 Words

Angel Parrett Professor Muller English 106/ Drama Essay 15 May 2006 Drama Essay Trifles Trifles, Susan Glaspell’s play written in 1916, reveal concerns of women living in a male dominated society. Glaspell communicates the role that women were expected to play in late 19th century society and the harm that can come of it to women, as well as men. The feminist agenda of Trifles was made obvious, in order to portray the lives of all women who live oppressed under male domination. John and Minnie Wright are two main characters who are never seen; however provide the incident for the play. In this play women are against men, Minnie against her husband, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters against their husband’s, as well as men in general.†¦show more content†¦Wright to the murder of her husband. At the beginning of the play Mr. Hale acknowledges the males attitudes toward women without knowing. For example he states, â€Å"†¦.I didn’t know as what his wife wanted made much difference to John.† (1001). This clearly signifies the maleà ¢â‚¬â„¢s insensitivity to women. This statement that Mr. Hale made referring to John and how he does not care what his wife wanted or did not want does not even trigger the question, how was Mrs. Wright treated by her husband? Women were clearly not has important as the men. The men disregard women’s opinions and don’t give a thought to women’s needs or wants. Mr. Hale was speaking of John, Mrs. Wright’s dead husband in the above example; however Mr. Hale also expresses his insensitivity and arrogant attitude toward women. Mr. Hale states, â€Å"Well women are used to worrying over trifles.† (1003). Trifles something that is small, of no consequence, this is how Mr. Hale thinks of women. The things women are concerned with are of no importance, they are petty. This is an obvious illustration of the men’s arrogant and insensitive attitudes toward women. Mr. Hale was not the only male character who demonstrated arrogance and insensitivi ty toward women. The Sheriff who was investigating Mr. Wright’s murder also demonstrated arrogance and insensitivity, hindering his ability to tie Mrs. Wright toShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis : Truth Is Mighty And Will Prevail 1331 Words   |  6 PagesTwain’s satirical essay is unconventional from what might be expected for advice to youth to follow. He uses humour throughout the essay and in many instances sarcasm is called upon, such as when explaining the importance of practicing and perfecting lying â€Å"A final word: begin your practice of this gracious and beautiful art early – begin now. If I had begun earlier, I could have learned how†. What Twain says is false, as no lie is designed to last forever, what he means is no one can ever learnRead MoreTrifles: a Moral Justifacation for Murder Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesTrifles: A Moral Justification for Murder The one act play â€Å"Trifles† depicts the views and passions of both men and women during the late-nineteenth century regarding the role of a woman. The characters in the play are the County Attorney, the Sheriff, and Mr. Hale, who are accompanied by Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters into the Wright’s home to investigate the murder of Mr. Wright. The men feel that the women are only concerning themselves with little things and make several condescending comments throughoutRead MoreFeminism Is Not About Making Women Stronger1441 Words   |  6 Pagesand give them roles to abide by. This is shown a lot in her play  called Trifles. Susan Glaspell adds  specific details into her play, which allows women to support her ideas and speak up for women s rights. Through Glaspell s drama Trifles feministic ideas  are easily shown in the title, characters, roles of the characters, theme, and conflict which are distinguishable throughout.   Many people may not understand what Trifles actually means, the definition is Something of little value, substanceRead MoreTrifles by Susan Glaspell1158 Words   |  5 PagesAnalytical Essay on Drama Trifles by Susan Glaspell Heidi Barnard South University Trifles’ By Susan Glaspell I believe had several small defining moments leading to the one larger defining moment, which brings together all of them together. The defining moment is the discovery of the dead bird hidden in the pretty red box, this leads back to smaller points such as her sewing and the bird cage. â€Å" Here’s some red. I expect this has got sewing things in it. (Brings out a fancy box.) What aRead More Symbolism in Trifles by Susan Glaspell Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Trifles by Susan Glaspell In todays society, we generally view upon everyone as equal beings who deserve equal rights. At the turn of the 20th century, this particular view didn?t exist. Men clearly dominated almost every aspect of life and women were often left with little importance. The Wright?s embody this view of roles in Susan Glaspell?s play Trifles. Mrs. Wright was a typical woman who suffered the mental abuse from her husband and was caged from life. In Trifles, a mixtureRead MoreTrifels/ Sexism1085 Words   |  5 PagesDanielle Archer Mr. Ellis November 10, 2009 Theme Essay We are All Sexist The play â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell is about the major differences between women and men. This story was written in a time period when women were treated much differently than they are today, and the women and this story are not taken seriously. This story exposes the sexism that women dealt with then, and still to some extent deal with today. Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale find incriminating evidence against MinnieRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles 1220 Words   |  5 PagesTrifles Symbolism Essay Symbols are important, especially in literature. They have been known to inspire hope and life, in turn inspiring some of the most profound actions in the history of the world. Yet, humanity’s statement to symbols goes beyond us finding meaning in innominate or non-human objects. People assign humanity into objects, almost a part of themselves. This concept is clearly demonstrated in Susan Glaspell’s play, Trifles. The work contains many element of symbolism that make importantRead More Trifles Essay916 Words   |  4 Pages Little Trifles Add Up to a Big Case nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Detectives are always looking for little pieces of evidence when investigating a crime. After all, it is this evidence that can turn a trial around, whether be it for the good or bad. This is especially the case in Susan Glaspells Trifles. When Mrs. Hale comes across little pieces of evidence, she passes them off as being quot;triflesquot;, hiding them from the detective. She is the sole reason that very little evidence is collectedRead More The Strength of Women in Trifles Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the 1900’s women were viewed as nothing more than house wives. They were expected to cook, clean, and take care of their children and husbands. The lack of respect women received during this time is extremely evident in â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell. In this play women are depicted as incapable, and these ladies are very much aware of this. Mrs. Peters, the sheriff’s wife practically says throughout the play we cannot do this w e are women, and she seems quite content with that; whereas Mrs.Read MoreThe Deception of Trifles: Gender Roles in the Play by Glaspell1550 Words   |  7 Pagesmen carried out in earlier years. In the 19th Century, men stereotyped women to be insignificant, not think with their minds about issues outside of the kitchen or home. In the play Trifles, written by Susan Glaspell, the writer portrays how women in earlier years have no rights and men treat women like dirt. Trifles is based on real life events of a murder that Susan Glaspell covered during her work as a newspaper reporter in Des Moines and the play is based off of Susan Glaspell’s earlier writing

Part One (Olden Days) Free Essays

string(50) " began to advance again, but with one difference\." Trespassers 12.43 As against trespassers (who, in principle, must take other people’s premises and their occupiers as they find them) †¦ Charles Arnold-Baker Local Council Administration, Seventh Edition I Pagford Parish Council was, for its size, an impressive force. It met once a month in a pretty Victorian church hall, and attempts to cut its budget, annex any of its powers or absorb it into some newfangled unitary authority had been strenuously and successfully resisted for decades. We will write a custom essay sample on Part One (Olden Days) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Of all the local councils under the higher authority of Yarvil District Council, Pagford prided itself on being the most obstreperous, the most vocal and the most independent. Until Sunday evening, it had comprised sixteen local men and women. As the town’s electorate tended to assume that a wish to serve on the Parish Council implied competence to do so, all sixteen councillors had gained their seats unopposed. Yet this amicably appointed body was currently in a state of civil war. An issue that had been causing fury and resentment in Pagford for sixty-odd years had reached a definitive phase, and factions had rallied behind two charismatic leaders. To grasp fully the cause of the dispute it was necessary to comprehend the precise depth of Pagford’s dislike and mistrust of the city of Yarvil, which lay to its north. Yarvil’s shops, businesses, factories, and the South West General Hospital, provided the bulk of the employment in Pagford. The small town’s youths generally spent their Saturday nights in Yarvil’s cinemas and nightclubs. The city had a cathedral, several parks and two enormous shopping centres, and these things were pleasant enough to visit if you had sated yourself on Pagford’s superior charms. Even so, to true Pagfordians, Yarvil was little more than a necessary evil. Their attitude was symbolized by the high hill, topped by Pargetter Abbey, which blocked Yarvil from Pagford’s sight, and allowed the townspeople the happy illusion that the city was many miles further away than it truly was. II It so happened that Pargetter Hill also obscured from the town’s view another place, but one that Pagford had always considered particularly its own. This was Sweetlove House, an exquisite, honey-coloured Queen Anne manor, set in many acres of park and farmland. It lay within Pagford Parish, halfway between the town and Yarvil. For nearly two hundred years the house had passed smoothly from generation to generation of aristocratic Sweetloves, until finally, in the early 1900s, the family had died out. All that remained these days of the Sweetloves’ long association with Pagford, was the grandest tomb in the churchyard of St Michael and All Saints, and a smattering of crests and initials over local records and buildings, like the footprints and coprolites of extinct creatures. After the death of the last of the Sweetloves, the manor house had changed hands with alarming rapidity. There were constant fears in Pagford that some developer would buy and mutilate the beloved landmark. Then, in the 1950s, a man called Aubrey Fawley purchased the place. Fawley was soon known to be possessed of substantial private wealth, which he supplemented in mysterious ways in the City. He had four children, and a desire to settle permanently. Pagford’s approval was raised to still giddier heights by the swiftly circulated intelligence that Fawley was descended, through a collateral line, from the Sweetloves. He was clearly half a local already, a man whose natural allegiance would be to Pagford and not to Yarvil. Old Pagford believed that the advent of Aubrey Fawley meant the return of a charmed era. He would be a fairy godfather to the town, like his ancestors before him, showering grace and glamour over their cobbled streets. Howard Mollison could still remember his mother bursting into their tiny kitchen in Hope Street with the news that Aubrey had been invited to judge the local flower show. Her runner beans had taken the vegetable prize three years in a row, and she yearned to accept the silver-plated rose bowl from a man who was already, to her, a figure of old-world romance. III But then, so local legend told, came the sudden darkness that attends the appearance of the wicked fairy. Even as Pagford was rejoicing that Sweetlove House had fallen into such safe hands, Yarvil was busily constructing a swath of council houses to its south. The new streets, Pagford learned with unease, were consuming some of the land that lay between the city and the town. Everybody knew that there had been an increasing demand for cheap housing since the war, but the little town, momentarily distracted by Aubrey Fawley’s arrival, began to buzz with mistrust of Yarvil’s intentions. The natural barriers of river and hill that had once been guarantors of Pagford’s sovereignty seemed diminished by the speed with which the red-brick houses multiplied. Yarvil filled every inch of the land at its disposal, and stopped at the northern border of Pagford Parish. The town sighed with a relief that was soon revealed to be premature. The Cantermill Estate was immediately judged insufficient to meet the population’s needs, and the city cast about for more land to colonize. It was then that Aubrey Fawley (still more myth than man to the people of Pagford) made the decision that triggered a festering sixty-year grudge. Having no use for the few scrubby fields that lay beyond the new development, he sold the land to Yarvil Council for a good price, and used the cash to restore the warped panelling in the hall of Sweetlove House. Pagford’s fury was unconfined. The Sweetlove fields had been an important part of its buttress against the encroaching city; now the ancient border of the parish was to be compromised by an overspill of needy Yarvilians. Rowdy town hall meetings, seething letters to the newspaper and Yarvil Council, personal remonstrance with those in charge – nothing succeeded in reversing the tide. The council houses began to advance again, but with one difference. You read "Part One (Olden Days)" in category "Essay examples" In the brief hiatus following completion of the first estate, the council had realized that it could build more cheaply. The fresh eruption was not of red brick but of concrete in steel frames. This second estate was known locally as the Fields, after the land on which it had been built, and was marked as distinct from the Cantermill Estate by its inferior materials and design. It was in one of the Fields’ concrete and steel houses, already cracking and warping by the late 1960s, that Barry Fairbrother was born. IV In spite of Yarvil Council’s bland assurances that maintenance of the new estate would be its own responsibility, Pagford – as the furious townsfolk had predicted from the first – was soon landed with new bills. While the provision of most services to the Fields, and the upkeep of its houses, fell to Yarvil Council, there remained matters that the city, in its lofty way, delegated to the parish: the maintenance of public footpaths, of lighting and public seating, of bus shelters and common land. Graffiti blossomed on the bridges spanning the Pagford to Yarvil road; Fields bus shelters were vandalized; Fields teenagers strewed the play park with beer bottles and threw rocks at the street lamps. A local footpath, much favoured by tourists and ramblers, became a popular spot for Fields youths to congregate, ‘and worse’, as Howard Mollison’s mother put it darkly. It fell to Pagford Parish Council to clean, to repair and to replace, and the funds dispersed by Yarvil were felt from the first to be inadequate for the time and expense required. No part of Pagford’s unwanted burden caused more fury or bitterness than the fact that Fields children now fell inside the catchment area of St Thomas’s Church of England Primary School. Young Fielders had the right to don the coveted blue and white uniform, to play in the yard beside the foundation stone laid by Lady Charlotte Sweetlove and to deafen the tiny classrooms with their strident Yarvil accents. It swiftly became common lore in Pagford that houses in the Fields had become the prize and goal of every benefit-supported Yarvil family with school-age children; that there was a great ongoing scramble across the boundary line from the Cantermill Estate, much as Mexicans streamed into Texas. Their beautiful St Thomas’s – a magnet for professional commuters to Yarvil, who were attracted by the tiny classes, the rolltop desks, the aged stone building and the lush green playing field – would be overrun and swamped by the offspring of scroungers, addicts and mothers whose children had all been fathered by different men. This nightmarish scenario had never been fully realized, because while there were undoubtedly advantages to St Thomas’s there were also drawbacks: the need to buy the uniform, or else to fill in all the forms required to qualify for assistance for the same; the necessity of attaining bus passes, and of getting up earlier to ensure that the children arrived at school on time. Some households in the Fields found these onerous obstacles, and their children were absorbed instead by the large plain-clothes primary school that had been built to serve the Cantermill Estate. Most of the Fields pupils who came to St Thomas’s blended in well with their peers in Pagford; some, indeed, were admitted to be perfectly nice children. Thus Barry Fairbrother had moved up through the school, a popular and clever class clown, only occasionally noticing that the smile of a Pagford parent stiffened when he mentioned the place where he lived. Nevertheless, St Thomas’s was sometimes forced to take in a Fields pupil of undeniably disruptive nature. Krystal Weedon had been living with her great-grandmother in Hope Street when the time came for her to start school, so that there was really no way of stopping her coming, even though, when she moved back to the Fields with her mother at the age of eight, there were high hopes locally that she would leave St Thomas’s for good. Krystal’s slow passage up the school had resembled the passage of a goat through the body of a boa constrictor, being highly visible and uncomfortable for both parties concerned. Not that Krystal was always in class: for much of her career at St Thomas’s she had been taught one-on-one by a special teacher. By a malign stroke of fate, Krystal had been in the same class as Howard and Shirley’s eldest granddaughter, Lexie. Krystal had once hit Lexie Mollison so hard in the face that she had knocked out two of her teeth. That they had already been wobbly was not felt, by Lexie’s parents and grandparents, to be much of an extenuation. It was the conviction that whole classes of Krystals would be waiting for their daughters at Winterdown Comprehensive that finally decided Miles and Samantha Mollison on removing both their daughters to St Anne’s, the private girls’ school in Yarvil, where they had become weekly boarders. The fact that his granddaughters had been driven out of their rightful places by Krystal Weedon, swiftly became one of Howard’s favourite conversational examples of the estate’s nefarious influence on Pagford life. V The first effusion of Pagford’s outrage had annealed into a quieter, but no less powerful, sense of grievance. The Fields polluted and corrupted a place of peace and beauty, and the smouldering townsfolk remained determined to cut the estate adrift. Yet boundary reviews had come and gone, and reforms in local government had swept the area without effecting any change: the Fields remained part of Pagford. Newcomers to the town learned quickly that abhorrence of the estate was a necessary passport to the goodwill of that hard core of Pagfordians who ran everything. But now, at long last – over sixty years after Old Aubrey Fawley had handed Yarvil that fatal parcel of land – after decades of patient work, of strategizing and petitioning, of collating information and haranguing sub-committees – the anti-Fielders of Pagford found themselves, at last, on the trembling threshold of victory. The recession was forcing local authorities to streamline, cut and reorganize. There were those on the higher body of Yarvil District Council who foresaw an advantage to their electoral fortunes if the crumbling little estate, likely to fare poorly under the austerity measures imposed by the national government, were to be scooped up, and its disgruntled inhabitants joined to their own voters. Pagford had its own representative in Yarvil: District Councillor Aubrey Fawley. This was not the man who had enabled the construction of the Fields, but his son, ‘Young Aubrey’, who had inherited Sweetlove House and who worked through the week as a merchant banker in London. There was a whiff of penance in Aubrey’s involvement in local affairs, a sense that he ought to make right the wrong that his father had so carelessly done to the little town. He and his wife Julia donated and gave out prizes at the agricultural show, sat on any number of local committees, and threw an annual Christmas party to which invitations were much coveted. It was Howard’s pride and delight to think that he and Aubrey were such close allies in the continuing quest to reassign the Fields to Yarvil, because Aubrey moved in a higher sphere of commerce that commanded Howard’s fascinated respect. Every evening, after the delicatessen closed, Howard removed the tray of his old-fashioned till, and counted up coins and dirty notes before placing them in a safe. Aubrey, on the other hand, never touched money during his office hours, and yet he caused it to move in unimaginable quantities across continents. He managed it and multiplied it and, when the portents were less propitious, he watched magisterially as it vanished. To Howard, Aubrey had a mystique that not even a worldwide financial crash could dent; the delicatessen-owner was impatient of anyone who blamed the likes of Aubrey for the mess in which the country found itself. Nobody had complained when things were going well, was Howard’s oft-repeated view, and he accor ded Aubrey the respect due to a general injured in an unpopular war. Meanwhile, as a district councillor, Aubrey was privy to all kinds of interesting statistics, and in a position to share a good deal of information with Howard about Pagford’s troublesome satellite. The two men knew exactly how much of the district’s resources were poured, without return or apparent improvement, into the Fields’ dilapidated streets; that nobody owned their own house in the Fields (whereas the red-brick houses of the Cantermill Estate were almost all in private hands these days; they had been prettified almost beyond recognition, with window-boxes and porches and neat front lawns); that nearly two-thirds of Fields-dwellers lived entirely off the state; and that a sizeable proportion passed through the doors of the Bellchapel Addiction Clinic. VI Howard carried the mental image of the Fields with him always, like a memory of a nightmare: boarded windows daubed with obscenities; smoking teenagers loitering in the perennially defaced bus shelters; satellite dishes everywhere, turned to the skies like the denuded ovules of grim metal flowers. He often asked rhetorically why they could not have organized and made the place over – what was stopping the residents from pooling their meagre resources and buying a lawnmower between the lot of them? But it never happened: the Fields waited for the councils, District and Parish, to clean, to repair, to maintain; to give and give and give again. Howard would then recall the Hope Street of his boyhood, with its tiny back gardens, each hardly more than tablecloth-sized squares of earth, but most, including his mother’s, bristling with runner beans and potatoes. There was nothing, as far as Howard could see, to stop the Fielders growing fresh vegetables; nothing to stop them disciplining their sinister, hooded, spray-painting offspring; nothing to stop them pulling themselves together as a community and tackling the dirt and the shabbiness; nothing to stop them cleaning themselves up and taking jobs; nothing at all. So Howard was forced to draw the conclusion that they were choosing, of their own free will, to live the way they lived, and that the estate’s air of slightly threatening degradation was nothing more than a physical manifestation of ignorance and indolence. Pagford, by contrast, shone with a kind of moral radiance in Howard’s mind, as though the collective soul of the community was made manifest in its cobbled streets, its hills, its picturesque houses. To Howard, his birthplace was much more than a collection of old buildings, and a fast-flowing, tree-fringed river, the majestic silhouette of the abbey above or the hanging baskets in the Square. For him, the town was an ideal, a way of being; a micro-civilization that stood firmly against a national decline. ‘I’m a Pagford man,’ he would tell summertime tourists, ‘born and bred.’ In so saying, he was giving himself a profound compliment disguised as a commonplace. He had been born in Pagford and he would die there, and he had never dreamed of leaving, nor itched for more change of scene than could be had from watching the seasons transform the surrounding woods and river; from watching the Square blossom in spring or sparkle at Christmas. Barry Fairbrother had known all this; indeed, he had said it. He had laughed right across the table in the church hall, laughed right in Howard’s face. ‘You know, Howard, you are Pagford to me.’ And Howard, not discomposed in the slightest (for he had always met Barry joke for joke), had said, ‘I’ll take that as a great compliment, Barry, however it was intended.’ He could afford to laugh. The one remaining ambition of Howard’s life was within touching distance: the return of the Fields to Yarvil seemed imminent and certain. Then, two days before Barry Fairbrother had dropped dead in a car park, Howard had learned from an unimpeachable source that his opponent had broken all known rules of engagement, and had gone to the local paper with a story about the blessing it had been for Krystal Weedon to be educated at St Thomas’s. The idea of Krystal Weedon being paraded in front of the reading public as an example of the successful integration of the Fields and Pagford might (so Howard said) have been funny, had it not been so serious. Doubtless Fairbrother would have coached the girl, and the truth about her foul mouth, the endlessly interrupted classes, the other children in tears, the constant removals and reintegrations, would be lost in lies. Howard trusted the good sense of his fellow townsfolk, but he feared journalistic spin and the interference of ignorant do-gooders. His objection was both principled and personal: he had not yet forgotten how his granddaughter had sobbed in his arms, with bloody sockets where her teeth had been, while he tried to soothe her with a promise of triple prizes from the tooth fairy. How to cite Part One (Olden Days), Essay examples

Social Determinants of Health for NZ Strategy - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSocial Determinants of Health for NZ Health Strategy. Answer: Introduction Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the situations in which people live, learn, work and age. These conditions are the major causes of health inequalities in New Zealand. This assignment will discuss the concept of SDOH in relation to a selected research article and pertinent literature. Firstly, the assignment will explore the concept of SDOH. Secondly, it will discuss how SDOH influence health with reference to the selected research article. Finally, it will explain how the NZ Health Strategy (2016) intents to improve health and wellness in Aotearoa New Zealand. The concept of SDOH SDOH consist of different overlapping that influence health and wellbeing. Most of the factors begin at birth including biology and genetic traits, gender, culture and family effects on healthy child growth. Some of the elements have a greater effect on health and wellbeing than others. The family factors include the socio-economic resources for the parents to provide basic needs for children, education level of parents and sufficient social support (McMurray Clendon, 2015, p. 10). For better social support, the parents should have access to employment opportunities or adequate income source. It is evident that some of these SDOH are rooted in the political and economic environment since policy decisions affect community life. Consequently, there are various structural conditions within the SDOH. For instance, the social development of a community requires structures to create employment as well as an environment that supports healthy lifestyles (McMurray, Clendon, 2011, p. 11). Pe ople within the community require access to clean water, air and nutritional foods at affordable prices. Besides, hospitals and health professionals who are accessible on demand create the larger structure of a social environment (McMurray Clendon, 2015, p. 10). Evidently, the concept of SDOH is broad and encompasses factors within the control and beyond the control of the people, and that is why some of the SDOH are addressed through government policies. How SDOH may influence health Gunasekara, F. I., Carter, K., Mckenzie, S. (2013). Income?related health inequalities in working age men and women in Australia and New Zealand. Australian New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 37(3), 211?217. doi:10.1111/1753?6405.12061 This section investigates how SDOH might influence health with reference to the research by Gunasekara and colleagues. The authors aimed to evaluate income-linked inequalities in health in working-age males and females in Australia and New Zealand. They utilised data from two longitudinal studies to compare concentration indices that evaluate the distribution of general and mental health-linked quality of life (QOL) scores across income in working-age males and females. Additionally, decomposition evaluations of the concentration indices were performed to determine the influence of different factors on the income-related health inequality. This study unraveled that income, regional deprivation and inactiveness in the workforce were primary causes of income-associated health inequality. In conclusion, the authors note that income and employment are the leading causes of health inequality in New Zealand (Gunasekara, Carter, Mckenzie, 2013, p. 211). This research is relevant to essay t opic since it is founded on the disparities in health status and inequalities in health with a focus on socioeconomic position. The findings of this research are similar to several other studies that have found that SDOH influence health directly. One recent study found that the Maori, Pacific and other people with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at a higher risk of developing chronic illnesses compared to those with high SES. This difference results in high mortality and morbidity among the Maori and Pacific people (Sheridan et al., 2011, p. 45). Apart from these impacts, the difference in incomes also causes other health inequalities. Shamshirgaran et al. (2013, p. 1223), conducted a study to determine the influence of SES on the occurrence of type II diabetes. They found that the incidence of diabetes was higher in retirees and unemployed people compared to those who were employed. Further, the incidence of diabetes was generally high in individuals with low incomes. This study concluded that SES is an independent predictor of diabetes. Low SES can result in the occurrence of diabetes due to various factors. Individuals with low incomes might lack health literacy on the prevention of chronic illnesses (Benjamin, 2010, p. 784). They may also lack access to proper diets and exercises that help to prevent the occurrence of diabetes. This argument is supported by research performed by Grant and colleagues. In their study, they investigated the burden of communicable diseases in Maori children and non-communicable conditions among the adults in relation to poverty. Poverty was found to be an important contributor to c ommunicable and non-communicable diseases in this population. Due to poverty, pregnant women lack access to nutritious foods resulting in poor health of their children. A Recent study also asserts that area deprivation in New Zealand leads to poor health. It has been found that a significant number of the Maori people live in regions considered to be deprived in the country and this factor results in health inequalities (Bcares, Cormack, Harris, 2013, p. 76). Area deprivation is directly associated with poor health because of unequal access to health services and employment opportunities. How the NZ Health Strategy (2016) plans to support health and wellness in Aotearoa New Zealand The NZ Health Strategy (2016) consists of five pillars meant to enhance the health of the New Zealanders. The five pillars also outline a plan to support health and wellness in Aotearoa New Zealand. People-powered: This pillar is consistent with the Maori Health Strategy. The strategy proposes that individuals using health care services require ways to meet their immediate and future needs. As such, the people-powered strategy champions the contribution of Maori in decision-making on health care services. Closer to home: This strategy advocates for bring care closer to the people. It argues that different approaches can be used to offer care to the people who live in remote areas. For instance, the use of telehealth, outreach clinics and mobile vans can be used to reach the deprived areas (Minister of Health, 2016, p. 19). This strategy plans to use non-governmental organisations to bring care closer to the people. It cites the example of Maori and Pacific approaches and models, which can be embraced to make care affordable and accessible. Another plan is to use the Maori health network. The Maori health network would entail the use of population-based strategies to prevent long-term illnesses and promote healthier choices. Value and high performance: For Aotearoa New Zealand, this strategy aims to focus on Pacific community group. It plans to enhance the quality of health care for the population groups that face inequalities specifically the Maori people. This strategic plan would be achieved by eliminating infrastructural, physical and financial barriers to offer high-quality health services. One team: This strategic plan realises the need to minimise barriers that inhibit people from utilising their skills fully. It targets to empower Maori health providers. The support for Maori health providers might include the provision of health literacy education. Also, it could entail offering individuals opportunities to contribute in the designing of the health system (Minister of Health, 2016, p. 29). Smart system: The health system envisions the use of smart systems to offer care to the disadvantaged communities. The smart system would entail the use of technology such as telehealth, which can be used to reach people in rural areas (Dinesen et al., 2016, p. e53). Conclusion As evident in this assignment, SDOH result in health inequalities in New Zealand. Based on the selected article, income, regional deprivation and inactiveness in the labour force are significant causes of health inequalities. People from low SES are likely to experience poor health compared those from high SES. The NZ Health Strategy of (2016) intends to reduce these inequalities by improving access and designing culturally sensitive health services. 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